Chapter 3
In Chapter 3, we learn about the changes we experience and the new abilities we learn throughout our childhood all the way to adulthood. In this chapter we touch on the subjects of cognitive development, physical development, and how it affects us within our everyday lives. Many important psychologists are named, like: Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, and Carol Gilligan. Not only do we learn about the first few years of life, but about adolescence and old age.
Lawrence Kohlberg
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Born in 1927, Kohlberg was an American psychologist who was best known for his
theory of stages of moral development. According to Kohlberg there are three stages of morality, each varying with age. These stages were named the pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional stages.
Usually occurring before the age of nine, the pre-conventional stage focused on the idea that children show morality in order to gain rewards or avoid punishment. During early adolescence comes the conventional stage, which consists of social rules and laws that are upheld for its own sake. And finally, the post-conventional stage (after adolescence) affirms people's agreed upon rights/follows people's personally perceived ethical principles.
theory of stages of moral development. According to Kohlberg there are three stages of morality, each varying with age. These stages were named the pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional stages.
Usually occurring before the age of nine, the pre-conventional stage focused on the idea that children show morality in order to gain rewards or avoid punishment. During early adolescence comes the conventional stage, which consists of social rules and laws that are upheld for its own sake. And finally, the post-conventional stage (after adolescence) affirms people's agreed upon rights/follows people's personally perceived ethical principles.
Self-Concept
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Self-concept is the sense of one's identity and self worth. From ages eight to ten years old, self image becomes stable. The term itself is used in both social psychology and humanism. A theory known as the social identity theory states that self-concept consists of two key parts: personal identity and social identity.
Self-image is how one sees themselves, while self-esteem is how much on values themselves; and an ideal self is how one wishes he or she could be. However, our self-concepts do not always correlate with reality.
Self-image is how one sees themselves, while self-esteem is how much on values themselves; and an ideal self is how one wishes he or she could be. However, our self-concepts do not always correlate with reality.
old age
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Starting at the age of seventy, motor abilities start to decline. Recognition memory, however does not decline with age. After the age of eighty, neural processes begin to slow down, thus resulting in slow reflexes, and reactions. The faster we age, the more the risk we have of having dementia.
Dementia is the loss of brain functions that occur with certain diseases like Alzheimer's. Dementia creates problems with both memory, and thinking abilities. However, the ability to remember certain things is still present.
Dementia is the loss of brain functions that occur with certain diseases like Alzheimer's. Dementia creates problems with both memory, and thinking abilities. However, the ability to remember certain things is still present.