CHAPTER 2
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The main idea of Chapter 2 consists of personality and previous and current theories that explain the development on them. This chapter also touches on genetic, environmental, and cultural influences that may or may not take a toll on our personality development. To conclude, a variety of psychodynamic theories as well as modern studies are included in this chapter.
Abraham Maslow
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Born in the year of 1908, an American psychologist by the name of Abraham Maslow stated that "the trouble with psychology, is that it ignores many of the positive aspects of life, such as joy, laughter, love, happiness, and peak experiences." Maslow believed that the most important traits of the personality were the qualities of a self-actualized person. A self-actualized person is person who strives for a life that it meaningful, challenging, and satisfying.
According to Maslow, personality development was viewed as a gradual progression towards self-actualization. He believed that most psychologists has a lopsided view of human natures, which was a result of their emphasis on studying emotional problems and negative traits. Maslow greatly stressed the idea of human potential and its boundaries.
According to Maslow, personality development was viewed as a gradual progression towards self-actualization. He believed that most psychologists has a lopsided view of human natures, which was a result of their emphasis on studying emotional problems and negative traits. Maslow greatly stressed the idea of human potential and its boundaries.
Defense Mechanisms
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A defense mechanism is a method used by the ego to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering the consciousness. This related to Freud's theory of the three major systems in a personality. According to Freud there are approximately six defense mechanisms.
The six defense mechanisms are: repression, projection, displacement, reaction formation, regression, and denial. Using these defense mechanisms become unhealthy only when they cause self-defeating behavior and emotional problems.
Collectivist Cultures
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Collectivist cultures are cultures in which the self is regarded as embedded in relationships, and harmony with one's group is prized above individual goals and wishes. Members of these specific cultures define the self as an interdependent part of groups. They give priority to the needs and goals of the groups, rather than the individuals.
These cultures mostly value harmony, duty, obligation, and security. They give more weight to group norms then to individual attitudes as explanations of behavior. Overall, they attend to the needs of the group members, emphasizing the idea of importance towards the group as a whole.
These cultures mostly value harmony, duty, obligation, and security. They give more weight to group norms then to individual attitudes as explanations of behavior. Overall, they attend to the needs of the group members, emphasizing the idea of importance towards the group as a whole.